Alzheimer’s Disease, Dementia, & Oral Health: What You Need To Know

Alzheimer’s & P. Gingivalis: The Gum Disease Bacteria

Researchers are investigating the link between dental plaque, a sticky bacteria buildup in our mouths, and Alzheimer’s disease. Some studies have discovered the presence of a specific oral bacteria called P. gingivalis (commonly known as the gum disease bacteria) inside the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease. It has been suggested that this bacteria could cause swelling and damage to brain cells, leading to memory problems and other symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease⁸.

Recently, researchers have been looking into the possible connection between P. gingivalis in dental plaque and the onset of Alzheimer’s disease⁸. However, more studies are needed to figure out the exact nature of this relationship.

Poor Oral Hygiene & Dental Plaque

When people do not or cannot brush their teeth regularly and pay close attention to their oral health, this can lead to a buildup of dental plaque. Too much plaque can cause gum disease, a chronic infection in the gums. In severe cases, excessive dental plaque buildup can lead to aspirational pneumonia, a dangerous lung infection. This can be life-threatening for frail and medically compromised individuals with Alzheimer’s disease or dementia⁶.

Gum Disease & Cognitive Decline

Cognitive and physical decline can make people more likely to develop gum disease (gingivitis) due to poor oral hygiene habits and increased levels of oral bacteria. Gum disease is an active infection that harms the gums and mouth’s soft tissues, causing swelling, redness, and gum bleeding. If not treated, it can worsen from gingivitis into a more severe form of infection called periodontitis.

As gingivitis progresses into periodontitis, plaque builds up beneath the gum line. Causing deep pockets of infection to form between the teeth and gums. As the infection spreads, the body starts to attack itself, damaging the soft tissues and bones that support the teeth. In the end, periodontitis destroys the jawbone, causing painful tooth loss and bone loss⁹.

This active infection can spread to other areas of the body, like the heart or lungs, where it can become life-threatening, especially for people with other health problems¹⁰. For people with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia, it’s important to treat gum disease and other issues early to protect their overall health. Keeping up with good oral hygiene habits and getting regular dental care can help lower the risk of infection from gum disease spreading.

Challenges & What to Expect at the Dentist

For people with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia, going to the dentist can be very stressful and confusing. The key to providing good care for people living with these conditions is keeping them calm and comfortable at their dental appointments.

MDA dentists are medically trained to work with people with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. They understand the unique challenges and oral health risks they face. MDA dentists and their dental care team focus on patient comfort and clear communication during treatments to help patients feel at ease. They may use strategies like speaking slowly and clearly, using short sentences, and providing simple instructions. Visual aids, like pictures or diagrams, may also be used¹¹.

Personalized Care: Paying Attention to Patient Comfort

Individualized strategies are essential for reducing patient stress and improving the dental care experience, especially for people with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. MDA dentists and their care team know that providing the best care all comes down to what will make the patient the most comfortable. In advance of a visit, be sure to discuss any special considerations and needs with the dental care team.

At a dental visit, personalized strategies can make the patient feel more at ease. These may include:

• The caregiver remains present during the appointment.
• The patient brings a comforting object like a stuffed animal to hold during the visit.
• Breaking complicated treatments into several shorter visits.
• Scheduling visits during quiet times to avoid loud noises and busy environments.
• Choosing early morning appointments, as many with cognitive decline feel their best earlier in the day¹².

MDA Dentists: A Valuable Resource for Caregivers

MDA dentists and their dental care teams are dedicated to working closely with caregivers, offering guidance on oral hygiene techniques and specialist referrals when necessary. It’s always okay to ask them questions about your loved one’s oral health. MDA dental care teams are accustomed to talking with caregivers about complicated and difficult dental issues. They are a supportive resource, offering advice and tips for promoting consistent at-home daily care and providing compassionate care.